Belajar Grammar Bahasa Inggris Chapter 7 : Perfect Tenses
Seperti artikel saya sebelumnya, saya akan mengupdate bahan Grammar Bahasa Inggris, kali ini yaitu lanjutan dari bahan sebelumnya, jikalau sobat teman dekat belum membaca artikel saya sebelumnya ihwal tenses sobat teman dekat sanggup membuka nya di link ini Belajar Bahasa Inggris Chapter 6 : Tenses. Makara kali ini kita akan membahas ihwal Tenses Perfect, eperti sobat teman dekat pahami bahwa contoh dasar dari Perfect tense yaitu Have + Verb 3 (Untuk verbal) dan Have + Been + Complemen (Untuk Nominal). Makna dari contoh itu sendiri yaitu :
[+] Sudah
[-] Belum
[?] Apakah.....Sudah / Sudahkah ......
[-?] Apakah.....Belum / Belumkah .....
[-] Belum
[?] Apakah.....Sudah / Sudahkah ......
[-?] Apakah.....Belum / Belumkah .....
Untuk time signalnya :
1. Just (Baru saja)
Posisi dikalimat ia tengah.
Contoh :
Denis gres saja menyaksikan dia
Denis has just seen her
nah makna barusaja itulah yang menjadi time signalnya.
2. Already (Sudah)
Untuk posisinya ia ditengah.
Contoh :
Bejo sudah menyelasaikan tugasnya.
Bejo has already finished his dutty.
3. Not...yet (Belum)
Polanya : Subject + Have/has + Not + Verb 3 + Object + Yet
Contoh :
Marco has not taken a nap yet
Variasi makna belum
- Subject + Have / Has + Yet + To Infinitife
- Subject + do / does + not + Verb 1 + Yet (Present)
- Subject + did + not + Verb 1 + yet (Past)
- Subject + is, am, are (Present Nominal)
- Subject + was, were (Past Nominal)
Contoh :
Santos belum tidur siang.
Santos has not taken a nap yet
Santos has yet to take a nap
Santos does not take a nap yet
Santos did not take a nap yet
4. Adverb of Frequency
Anggotanya :
Always, Seldom, Usually, Often, Rarely.
Contoh :
Anggun sudah jarang menemui Risky
Anggun has seldom met Risky
5. Adverb of Duration
Anggota :
Up to now
up to the present
until now
Makna ketiga diatas yaitu "Hingga di saat ini"
Recently (Baru gres ini)
Lately (Akhir tamat ini)
So far (Sejauh ini)
All + Time (Sepanjang)
Perlu mengingatkan, yang diatas mesti sobat teman dekat hafal.
Contoh :
Sejauh ini, Mr. Adi sudah mempunyai dua istri
So far, adi has had two wives
6. Special Time Duration
Anggota :
1. Since (Sejak)
Disini time duration Since untuk menyediakan mulanya waktu.
Pola nya :
a. as Conjunction : Subject + Verb since Subject + Verb
b. as Preposition : Since + Adjective of Preposition
2. For (Selama)
Time duration disini artinya bukan Untuk ya sobat teman, namun artinya yaitu Selama, jadi ia disini untuk menyediakan waktu.
Polanya :
a. as Preposition :
For + Object of Preposition
Catatan :
Since + Last Time + Ago (.....yang lalu)
For + The last + Time (....Terakhir)
Coba bandingkan :
Since last year
For the last year
For 2 years
Since 2 years ago
Contoh Kalimat :
Joko sudah mencar ilmu grammar sejak ia kecil
Joko has studied grammar since he was child
Joko has studied grammar since he was child
The Function of Perfect
1. Present Perfect
Pola :
Verbal : Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3
Nominal : Subject + Have/Has + Been + Subjective Complement
Fungsi :
a. Muka 1
Menyatakan peristiwa yang prosesnya sudah selesai dimasa sekarang
ciri ciri :
Tidak terdaat time duration
Contoh :
Malik sudah makan nasi goreng
Malik has eaten fried rice
b. Muka 2
Menyatakan peristiwa yang prosesnya masih berjalan (Long term)
Ciri ciri :
Terdapat time duration
Contoh :
Kita sudah mencar ilmu grammar selama dua minggu
We have studied grammar for two weeks
We have studied grammar for two weeks
Dibawah ini yaitu table perbandingan antara Present Perfect wajah 1 dan Present Perfect Muka 2
Dan dibawah ini yaitu perbandingan Present perfect wajah 1 dengan simple past
Bandingkan Conroh kalimat berikut :
Saya sudah mengajari kerabat saya (Muka 1 Present Prefect)
I have taugh ny brother
saya sudah mengajari kerabat saya kemarin (Simple past)
I taugh my brother
Saya sudah mengajari kerabat saya selama 1 jam (Present Perfect Muka 2)
I have taugh my brother for an hour
Saya sedang mengajari saudaraku kini (Present Continous)
I am teaching my brother
I have taugh ny brother
saya sudah mengajari kerabat saya kemarin (Simple past)
I taugh my brother
Saya sudah mengajari kerabat saya selama 1 jam (Present Perfect Muka 2)
I have taugh my brother for an hour
Saya sedang mengajari saudaraku kini (Present Continous)
I am teaching my brother
Berikut dibawah ini yaitu table Perbedaan Antara Present Perfect Muka 2, Present Perfect dan Present Continous
Catatan :
Jika waktu selesainya jelasa mempunyai arti ia Short term (Present Perfect Continous)
Contoh :
Randi sudah melakukan pekerjaan di Pare selama 5 tahun.
Randi has worked in pare for 5 years (Present perfect Muka 2)
Randi has been working in pare for 5 years (Present Perfect Continous)
Randi has worked in pare for 5 years (Present perfect Muka 2)
Randi has been working in pare for 5 years (Present Perfect Continous)
Fungsi lain dari Present Perfect
1. Present Perfect Muka 2 sanggup tanpa Time Duration jikalau :
a. Present perfect Muka 2 negative (-)
Contoh :
Fadil belum mempunya Pacar (Masih berlangsung)
fadil hasn't had a girlfriend
fadil hasn't had a girlfriend
b. Verb Ordinary nya berupa non-progressive verb
Contoh :
That house has belong to Malik (Masih berlangsung)
Disana ada kata belong, Belong yaitu verb non progressive
Disana ada kata belong, Belong yaitu verb non progressive
2. Menyatakan Pengalaman (Present Perfect)
Ciri : Adverb of Multiplier (Once, twice, three times, etc)
Contoh :
Malik sudah mandi disungai 5 kali
Malik has taken a bath in the river five times
Malik has taken a bath in the river five times
2. Present Perfect Continous
Pola :
Subject + Have / Has + Been + Ving (Kalimat Verbal)
Subject + Have / Has + Been + Subjective Complement (Kalimat Nominal)
Subject + Have / Has + Been + Subjective Complement (Kalimat Nominal)
Ciri ;
Penekanan pada time duration
Fungsi :
a. Menyatakan peristiwa yang prosesnya masih berjalan dimasa kini (Short time)
Contoh :
Saya sudah menunggumu selama dua jam
I have waiting for you for 2 hours
I have waiting for you for 2 hours
b. Menyatakan peristiwa yang gres saja selesai, tetapi efeknya gres saja di rasakan.
Ciri :
Terdapat prolog (Menunjukkan efek)
Contoh :
Lihat ! rambutnya Oka masih basah, ia gres saja mandi
Look ! oka's hair is wet, he has been taking a bath
Look ! oka's hair is wet, he has been taking a bath
3. Past Perfect
Pola :
Subject + Had + Verb 3 (Kalimat Verbal)
Subject + Had + Been + Subjective Complement (Kalimat Nominal)
Subject + Had + Been + Subjective Complement (Kalimat Nominal)
Ciri :
Time clause in past
Time duration (Muka 2)
Note :
Time clause = Sub clause yang menyatakan waktu. Pas perfect senantiasa terjadi lebih dulu dibandingkan dengan Simple past
a. Muka 1
Menyatakan peristiwa yang proses nya sudah selesai usang darin masa lalu.
Ciri :
Tidak terdapat time duration
Contoh :
Setelah saya menyapu kelas, Santos memanggilku tadi pagi.
After i had swept the class, santos called me this morning.
After i had swept the class, santos called me this morning.
Jika kita analisa, ada kata after disana, after disana selaku Conjuction, i selaku subject had dan swept selaku verb dan the class selaku object, kesatuan dari kalimat ini disebut Showing time atau time Clause.
b. Muka 2
Menyatakan peristiwa yang prosesnya masih berjalan dimasa lampau.
Ciri :
Terdapat Time Duration
Contoh :
Tahun lalu, di saat saya berjumpa Joko, ia sudah menikah selama 2 tahun.
Jika kita evaluasi kalimatnya, ada Kata tahun kemudian yang artinya ia yaitu Simple past kemudian ada kata Sudah, ini adala milih present perfect serta ada Time duration di kata 2 tahun.
4. Past Perfect Continous
Pola :
Subject + Had + Been + Verb ing (Kalimat Verbal)
Subject + Had + Been + Subjective Complement (Kalimat Nominal)
Subject + Had + Been + Subjective Complement (Kalimat Nominal)
Ciri :
Penekanan pada Time Duration.
Fungsi :
Menyatakan peristiwa yang prosesnya msih berjalan dimasa lampau.
Contoh :
Ketika leni menjalankan tugasnya selama 30 menit, rico menelponnya semalam.
When leni had been doing her dutty for 30 minutes, rico called her up las night.
5. Future Perfect
Pola :
Subject + Will + Have + Verb 3 (Kalimat Verbal)
Subject + Will + Have + Been + Subjective Complement (Kalimat Nominal)
Subject + Will + Have + Been + Subjective Complement (Kalimat Nominal)
Ciri :
Terdapat Time duration
By + Future time (By tomorrow, by nect week) maknanya menjelang
By the end of this + Time (By the of this year, by the end of this week) maknanya menjelang akhhir
By + Future time (By tomorrow, by nect week) maknanya menjelang
By the end of this + Time (By the of this year, by the end of this week) maknanya menjelang akhhir
Fungsi :
a. Muka 1
Menyalahkan peristiwa yang prosesnya seudah selesai dimasa yang hendak datang
Ciri :
Tidak terdapat time duration
Contoh :
Menjelang besok, kita akan sudah mencar ilmu Tenses
By tomorrow, we will have studied about Tenses.
By tomorrow, we will have studied about Tenses.
b. Muka 2
Menyatakan peristiwa yang prosesnya masih berjalan dimasa akan tiba (Long term)
Ciri :
Terdapat time duration
Contoh :
Menjelang tamat bulan ini, kita akan sudah mencar ilmu di kresna selama 1 bulan.
By the end of this month, we will have studied in kresna for a month
By the end of this month, we will have studied in kresna for a month
6. Future Perfect Continous
Pola :
Subject + Will + Have + Been + Verb ing (Kalimat Verbal)
Subject + Will + Have + Been + Subjective Complement (Kalimat Nominal)
Subject + Will + Have + Been + Subjective Complement (Kalimat Nominal)
Ciri :
Penekanan pada time duration
Fungsi :
Menyatakan peristiwa yang prosesnya masih berjalan dimasa akan tiba (Short time)
Menjelang 2 bulan kedepan, kita akan sudah mencar ilmu bareng selama dua bulan.
By two month later we will have been studied together for 2 month.
By two month later we will have been studied together for 2 month.
Sekian bahan Present Perfect kali ini, Kalo sobat teman dekat mau mengajukan pertanyaan silakan mengajukan pertanyaan di kolom komentar, terimakasih suah berkunjung di blog saya, Next, saya akan posting bahan yang mungkin sedikit membingungkan temamn teman, sebab bahan yang hendak saya posting nanti berlainan dari kursusan lain ehe. See you papay.